Layin Samar da Taki Mai Soluble

Gabatarwar tsarin fermentation:
Biogas fermentation, wanda kuma aka sani da anaerobic narkewa da anaerobic fermentation, yana nufin kwayoyin halitta (kamar mutum, dabbobi da kaji taki, bambaro, weeds, da dai sauransu) karkashin wani danshi, zazzabi da anaerobic yanayi, ta hanyar catabolism na daban-daban microorganisms, da kuma. A ƙarshe Tsarin samar da cakuda mai ƙonewa na iskar gas kamar methane da carbon dioxide.Tsarin fermentation na biogas ya dogara ne akan ka'idar fermentation na biogas, tare da burin samar da makamashi, kuma a ƙarshe ya gane cikakken amfani da gas, slurry biogas da ragowar gas.

Haɗin biogas tsari ne mai rikitarwa mai rikitarwa tare da halaye masu zuwa:
(1) Akwai nau'o'in ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa waɗanda ke shiga cikin halayen fermentation, kuma babu wani misali na amfani da nau'i ɗaya don samar da kwayoyin halitta, kuma ana buƙatar inoculum don fermentation yayin samarwa da gwaji.
(2) Danyen kayan da ake amfani da su don fermentation suna da rikitarwa kuma sun fito daga wurare masu yawa.Ana iya amfani da kwayoyin halitta iri-iri guda ɗaya ko gaurayawan gauraya azaman albarkatun ƙasa, kuma samfurin ƙarshe shine gas.Bugu da kari, hatsarori na biogas na iya kula da ruwan sharar kwayoyin halitta tare da yawan taro na COD wanda ya wuce 50,000 mg/L da sharar kwayoyin halitta tare da babban abun ciki.
Amfanin makamashi na ƙwayoyin cuta na biogas yana da ƙasa.A karkashin yanayi guda, makamashin da ake buƙata don narkewar anaerobic kawai yana lissafin 1/30 ~ 1/20 na bazuwar aerobic.
Akwai nau'ikan na'urori masu haƙar ruwa da yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta ta tsari da kayan aiki, amma kowane nau'in na'urori na iya samar da iskar gaz muddin ƙirar ta dace.
Haɗin halittun halittu yana nufin tsarin da wasu ƙaƙƙarfan sharar halitta daban-daban ke haɗe su ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta don samar da gas.Gabaɗaya ana iya raba shi zuwa matakai uku:
Matakin ruwa
Tunda daskararrun kwayoyin halitta iri-iri yawanci ba za su iya shiga cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba kuma ƙwayoyin cuta za su yi amfani da su, ingantaccen kwayoyin halitta dole ne a sanya su cikin monosaccharides mai narkewa, amino acid, glycerol, da fatty acid tare da ƙananan ma'aunin ƙwayoyin cuta.Wadannan abubuwa masu narkewa tare da ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta zasu iya shiga cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma a kara lalacewa kuma a yi amfani da su.
Acidogenic mataki
Daban-daban abubuwa masu narkewa (monosaccharides, amino acid, fatty acids) suna ci gaba da lalacewa kuma suna canzawa zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙwayoyin cuta na cellulosic, ƙwayoyin furotin, lipobacteria, da pectin kwayoyin intracellular enzymes, irin su butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid. da alcohols , ketones, aldehydes da sauran abubuwa masu sauƙi na kwayoyin halitta;A lokaci guda kuma, ana fitar da wasu sinadarai marasa ƙarfi kamar hydrogen, carbon dioxide da ammonia.Amma a cikin wannan mataki, babban samfurin shine acetic acid, yana lissafin fiye da 70%, don haka ana kiran shi matakin samar da acid.Kwayoyin da ke shiga cikin wannan lokaci ana kiran su acidogens.
Methanogenic mataki
Methanogenic kwayoyin cuta suna bazuwar kwayoyin halitta mai sauƙi kamar acetic acid wanda ya lalace a mataki na biyu zuwa methane da carbon dioxide, kuma carbon dioxide yana raguwa zuwa methane a ƙarƙashin aikin hydrogen.Wannan mataki ana kiransa matakin samar da iskar gas, ko matakin methanogenic.
Kwayoyin Methanogenic suna buƙatar rayuwa a cikin yanayi tare da yuwuwar rage iskar oxygen da ke ƙasa -330mV, kuma fermentation na biogas yana buƙatar tsananin yanayin anaerobic.
An yi imani da cewa daga rushewar abubuwa masu rikitarwa daban-daban har zuwa ƙarni na ƙarshe na biogas, akwai manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar waɗanda ke da hannu, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin cuta fermentative, ƙwayoyin acetogenic masu samar da hydrogen, ƙwayoyin acetogenic masu cinye hydrogen, masu cin hydrogen. methanogens da acetic acid da ke haifar da kwayoyin cuta.Methanogens.Ƙungiyoyi biyar na ƙwayoyin cuta sun zama sarkar abinci.Dangane da bambancin metabolites ɗin su, rukuni uku na farko na ƙwayoyin cuta sun kammala aikin hydrolysis da acidification tare, kuma ƙungiyoyin biyu na ƙwayoyin cuta sun kammala aikin samar da methane.
kwayoyin fermentative
Akwai nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta da yawa da za a iya amfani da su don hatsar da iskar gas, kamar takin dabbobi, bambaro, sharar sarrafa kayan abinci da barasa, da dai sauransu, kuma manyan abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadaran sun hada da polysaccharides (kamar cellulose, hemicellulose, sitaci, pectin, pectin). da dai sauransu), nau'in lipids da furotin.Yawancin wadannan hadaddun sinadarai ba sa narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma dole ne a fara rushe su zuwa sikari mai narkewa, amino acid da fatty acid ta hanyar enzymes na waje da kwayoyin halitta ke ɓoye su kafin su iya shanye su kuma amfani da su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta.Bayan kwayoyin halitta masu narkewa sun shiga cikin kwayoyin halitta da aka ambata a sama, sai su koma acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid da alcohols ta hanyar fermentation, kuma ana samar da wani adadin hydrogen da carbon dioxide a lokaci guda.Jimlar adadin acetic acid, propionic acid da butyric acid a cikin fermentation broth a lokacin fermentation biogas ake kira total volatile acid (TVA).A ƙarƙashin yanayin fermentation na al'ada, acetic acid shine babban acid a cikin jimlar acid ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi.Lokacin da abubuwan gina jiki suka lalace, ban da samfuran, za a sami ammoniya hydrogen sulfide.Akwai nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri masu yawa a cikin tsarin haifuwa na hydrolytic, kuma akwai daruruwan sanannun nau'in, ciki har da Clostridium, Bacteroides, Butyric acid bacteria, Lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacteria da Spiral bacteria.Yawancin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta anaerobes ne, amma kuma anaerobes masu fa'ida.[1]
Methanogens
A lokacin haifuwar halittu, samuwar methane yana faruwa ne ta hanyar rukuni na musamman na ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira methanogens.Methanogens sun haɗa da hydromethanotrophs da acetomethanotrophs, waɗanda sune membobin rukuni na ƙarshe a cikin sarkar abinci yayin narkewar anaerobic.Ko da yake suna da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, matsayinsu a cikin sarkar abinci ya sa su kasance da halaye na ilimin lissafi na kowa.A ƙarƙashin yanayin anaerobic, suna canza samfuran ƙarshe na ƙungiyoyi uku na farko na ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa samfuran iskar gas methane da carbon dioxide in babu masu karɓar hydrogen na waje, ta yadda za a iya samun nasarar kammala lalata kwayoyin halitta a ƙarƙashin yanayin anaerobic.

Zaɓin tsari na maganin gina jiki:
Samar da maganin gina jiki na shuka yana nufin yin amfani da abubuwan da ke da amfani a cikin slurry na biogas da kuma ƙara isassun abubuwan ma'adinai don sa samfurin da aka gama ya sami halaye mafi kyau.
A matsayin kwayoyin halitta na macromolecular na halitta, humic acid yana da kyakkyawan aiki na ilimin lissafi da ayyuka na sha, rikitarwa da musayar.
Yin amfani da humic acid da slurry na biogas don maganin chelation na iya ƙara kwanciyar hankali na slurry na biogas, ƙara nau'ikan chelation na iya sa amfanin gona ya fi samun abubuwan ganowa.

Humic acid chelation tsari gabatarwa:
Chelation yana nufin halayen sinadarai wanda aka haɗa ions ƙarfe tare da atom ɗin daidaitawa guda biyu ko fiye (marasa ƙarfe) a cikin kwaya ɗaya ta hanyar haɗin kai don samar da tsarin heterocyclic (chelate zobe) mai ɗauke da ions ƙarfe.irin tasiri.Yana kama da tasirin chelation na kaguwa, saboda haka sunan.Samar da zoben chelate yana sa chelate ya fi kwanciyar hankali fiye da hadaddun da ba chelate ba tare da irin wannan abun da ke ciki da tsari.Wannan sakamako na karuwar kwanciyar hankali da ke haifar da chelation ana kiransa tasirin chelation.
Halin sinadarai wanda rukunin aiki na kwayoyin halitta daya ko biyu da ion karfe ya samar da tsarin zobe ta hanyar daidaitawa ana kiransa chelation, wanda kuma aka sani da chelation ko cyclization.Daga cikin baƙin ƙarfe da jikin ɗan adam ke sha, kashi 2-10 ne kawai ake sha.Lokacin da aka juyar da ma'adanai zuwa nau'ikan narkewa, yawanci ana ƙara amino acid don su zama mahaɗin "chelate".Da farko dai, Chelation yana nufin sarrafa abubuwan ma'adinai zuwa nau'ikan narkewa.Abubuwan ma'adinai na yau da kullun, irin su cin abinci na kashi, dolomite, da dai sauransu, kusan ba a taɓa samun "cheated" ba.Sabili da haka, a cikin tsarin narkewa, dole ne a fara fara maganin "chelation".Duk da haka, tsarin halitta na samar da ma'adanai zuwa mahadi na "chelate" (chelate) mahadi a yawancin jikunan mutane ba sa aiki lafiya.A sakamakon haka, kari na ma'adinai kusan ba shi da amfani.Daga nan mun san cewa abubuwan da jikin ɗan adam ke ci ba zai iya cika tasirin su ba.Yawancin jikin mutum ba zai iya narke abinci yadda ya kamata ba.Daga cikin baƙin ƙarfe wanda ba a haɗa shi ba, kawai 2% -10% ne kawai ke narkewa, kuma 50% za a fitar da shi, don haka jikin ɗan adam ya riga ya “cheated” ƙarfe.“Narkar da ma’adinan da aka yi wa magani ya ninka sau 3-10 fiye da na ma’adinan da ba a kula da su ba.Ko da kun kashe kuɗi kaɗan, yana da daraja.
Matsakaicin matsakaici da takin da aka fi amfani da shi a halin yanzu yawanci ba za a iya sha da amfani da amfanin gona ta hanyar amfanin gona ba saboda abubuwan da ba su da tushe suna iya daidaita su cikin sauƙi ta ƙasa a cikin ƙasa.Gabaɗaya, ingancin amfani da abubuwan gano abubuwan da aka cheated a cikin ƙasa ya fi na abubuwan da ba a iya gani ba.Farashin chelated abubuwan gano ma sun fi na takin da ba su da tushe.